Rotavirus infection increases the risk of bacteremia in children with nontyphoid Salmonella gastroenteritis.

To evaluate whether there is any impact of rotavirus infection on nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis, a total of 207 diarrheal children who had positive stool culture for NTS and also a stool examination for the rotavirus antigen were retrospectively analyzed. According to the positivity of the stool rotavirus antigen, patients were divided into two groups and compared with regard to demographic data, clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups of patients with regard to demographic data, clinical features, and laboratory findings, except that vomiting was more common in patients with a coinfection of rotavirus (70.4% vs 40.0%, P = 0.003). Complication by bacteremia occurred more frequently in patients with coinfection of rotavirus (32% vs 9.3%, P = 0.004), but none of them developed extraintestinal focal infections, which were observed only in patients with isolated NTS infection. Our study indicated that concomitant rotavirus infection increased the risk of bacteremia in children with NTS gastroenteritis, although the prognosis remained favorable.