[Information technologies in the diagnosis of early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients.].

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly is showing a steady increase and is associated with the development of other comorbidities, necessitating a specific approach to patient examination and the exploration of new models and algorithms for predicting the disease's likelihood and severity.

Objective

To investigate the potential of functional-topographic rapid diagnostics in identifying the early stages of T2DM in elderly patients by analyzing the brain's rhythmic activity. The examination was performed using the DgCTD-01 diagnostic system. The results of 96 studies involving patients with newly detected hyperglycemia and a control group were analyzed. The analysis revealed that patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia undergo a functional reorganization of autonomic nervous regulation, characterized by a more pronounced activation of the sympathetic division. Prognostically significant signs for the development of T2DM were identified: a specific alteration in the tonic activity of basic functions F1-F3, F6 in segments C*6-7, CVII-VIII, ThVI-VIII, LI, and SIII-IV. This pattern reflects an established pathogenetic scheme of dominant relationships within the central nervous system with an epicenter in the pancreatic zone. An informational characterization of the predictive weight was obtained for the following features: elevated blood glucose levels, increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the development of T2DM. The application of functional-topographic diagnostics based on the analysis of brain rhythmic activity will contribute to the early identification of at-risk groups for diabetes mellitus and facilitate the implementation of predictive and preventive approaches.