[Cholesteatoma of the middle ear in children].

Cholesteatoma is characterized by the accumulation of a desquamating epithelium within the middle ear. Its development and spreading are favoured by chronic inflammatory and suppurative processes. The main clinical manifestations are persistent or episodic, frequently fetid purulent discharge, hearing impairment, vertigo and rarely complications (mastoiditis, labyrinthitis or meningitis). Therapy is preventive: careful management and follow-up of children with recurrent or chronic otitis media with effusion. Surgical treatment is mandatory once cholesteatoma is constituted.