Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026
Ocular Findings in A Captive Population of African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum).
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Hall Sydney M, Liu Chin-Chi, Nevarez Javier, Carter Renee T, Camacho-Luna Pilar
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate and report ocular findings in a group of healthy captive African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) and to establish reference data for commonly performed ocular diagnostic tests.
METHODS: Seven female adult captive African Clawed Frogs (ACF) and seven adult captive Tiger Salamanders (TS) were included. All animals underwent ophthalmic examination, Cochet-Bonnet corneal esthesiometry, rebound tonometry (Tonovet Plus), and conjunctival bacterial aerobic culture. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between species. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: One frog exhibited a typical iris coloboma bilaterally and 2/7 frogs exhibited unilateral punctate cortical cataracts. Retinal evaluation was unremarkable in 13/14 frog eyes. One frog exhibited a large chorioretinal scar in one eye. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 24 mmHg (18-36) and corneal touch threshold (CTT) was (median, min-max) 2.25 mm, (1.0-3.0). Five of seven frogs had positive culture results. Four of the 7 salamanders had bilateral nuclear cataracts and 2 of those 4 also had cortical cataracts. Retinal exam in this species was precluded. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 19.5 mmHg, (14-23) and CTT were > 5.0 cm in all individuals. All TS had positive bacterial cultures, mostly gram-negative rods. ACF had significantly less corneal sensitivity and a significantly higher IOP than TS (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: TS and ACF can be manageable for ophthalmic examination and minimal diagnostic testing without chemical restraint. This study provides preliminary baseline ophthalmic data in captive Tiger Salamanders and African Clawed Frogs examined without sedation.
METHODS: Seven female adult captive African Clawed Frogs (ACF) and seven adult captive Tiger Salamanders (TS) were included. All animals underwent ophthalmic examination, Cochet-Bonnet corneal esthesiometry, rebound tonometry (Tonovet Plus), and conjunctival bacterial aerobic culture. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between species. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: One frog exhibited a typical iris coloboma bilaterally and 2/7 frogs exhibited unilateral punctate cortical cataracts. Retinal evaluation was unremarkable in 13/14 frog eyes. One frog exhibited a large chorioretinal scar in one eye. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 24 mmHg (18-36) and corneal touch threshold (CTT) was (median, min-max) 2.25 mm, (1.0-3.0). Five of seven frogs had positive culture results. Four of the 7 salamanders had bilateral nuclear cataracts and 2 of those 4 also had cortical cataracts. Retinal exam in this species was precluded. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 19.5 mmHg, (14-23) and CTT were > 5.0 cm in all individuals. All TS had positive bacterial cultures, mostly gram-negative rods. ACF had significantly less corneal sensitivity and a significantly higher IOP than TS (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: TS and ACF can be manageable for ophthalmic examination and minimal diagnostic testing without chemical restraint. This study provides preliminary baseline ophthalmic data in captive Tiger Salamanders and African Clawed Frogs examined without sedation.