[Analysis of non-bacterial respiratory pathogens in children in Shijiazhuang City from 2023 to 2024].

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of 13 non-bacterial respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children in Shijiazhuang City from 2023 to 2024. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the medical records of 30 890 children aged 14 years and younger who were hospitalized in Hebei Children's Hospital due to acute respiratory tract infection and underwent nucleic acid testing for 13 non-bacterial respiratory pathogens from January 2023 to December 2024. Among them, there were 17 511 males (56.69%) and 13 379 females (43.31%). By age group, there were 5 982 infants (<1 year, 19.37%), 5 429 toddlers (1-<3 years, 17.58%), 8 744 preschool children (3-<6 years, 28.31%), and 10 735 school-aged children (6-≤14 years, 34.75%).To analyze the distribution of pathogen positivity among different pediatric cases, seasonal epidemiological characteristics, co-detection patterns of different pathogens, and clinical diagnoses, etc. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the comparison of the rates between groups of count data was conducted using the Pearson χ² test. Age, gender and season were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Among 30 890 children, 27 509 were positive for respiratory pathogens, with a total detection rate of 89.05 %. The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) was the highest (39.48%, 12 196/30 890), followed by human rhinovirus (HRV) (26.72%, 8 255/30 890) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (15.07%, 4 654/30 890). The detection rate of Mp and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in female children was higher than that in male children, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=1.157, 95%CI: 1.097-1.220, P<0.001; OR=1.098, 95%CI:1.006-1.198, P=0.035). There was a statistically significant difference in the overall detection rate of respiratory pathogens in children of different ages (OR=1.312, 95%CI: 1.272-1.354, P<0.001), and the <1 year-old group was significantly lower than the other three groups. The detection rate of Mp increased with age (OR=3.018, 95%CI: 2.932-3.107, P<0.001), and the detection rate of RSV decreased with age (OR=0.439, 95%CI: 0.425-0.453, P<0.001). The overall detection rate of 13 respiratory pathogens in different seasons was significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons. (OR=1.082, 95%CI: 1.047-1.118, P<0.001). In the positive samples, the detection rate of single infection was 63.33% (19 563/30 890), and the detection rate of mixed infection was 25.72% (7 946/30 890), and the mixed infection of HRV and Mp was most common. Pneumonia was the main clinical manifestation in children with positive respiratory pathogen infection. The most common pathogens detected in severe pneumonia were RSV and HRV. Conclusion: From 2023 to 2024, Mp, HRV and RSV were the main respiratory non-bacterial pathogens detected in children in Shijiazhuang City, and the detection rate in autumn was significantly higher than that in other seasons. The detection rate in the <1 year old group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups. Among the mixed infections, HRV and Mp co-infection were more common.The most common pathogens detected in severe pneumonia were RSV and HRV.