[Abnormal movements "Motare" in Kyudo have the characteristics of task-specific focal dystonia].

Among the abnormal kyudo movements ("yips"), "motare" is the inability to release the arrow at the intended timing if aiming the target. We hypothesized that "motare" is a task-specific focal dystonia (TSFD). We interviewed three participants with "motare," three participants with "hayake", and three controls without "motare" nor "hayake". Moreover, we conducted a surface electromyography (sEMG) examination and found that "motare" was characterized by stereotypy, sensory tricks, and morning benefit; however, these findings were not observed in "hayake". Abnormal co-contraction of the upper extremity antagonist muscles was observed in one of the three "motare" participants. Overall, these findings suggest that "motare" have the characteristics of TSFD not previously reported.