The discriminatory value of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the investigation of paediatric Cushing's syndrome.

INTRODUCTION

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, characterized by the proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) play a critical role in immune regulation and cancer progression. This study investigated serum vitamin D levels and VDR concentrations in children with ALL and their relationship with clinical risk groups.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved 90 children categorized into standard risk (SR), high risk (HR), and control groups at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. Serum vitamin D levels and soluble VDR concentrations were measured using ELISA. Vitamin D status was classified as deficient (<20ng/mL), insufficient (20-30ng/mL), or sufficient (>30ng/mL). Statistical analysis compared the groups and examined associations with SPPS version 26.

RESULTS

Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 82.2% of ALL patients. The SR and HR groups showed significantly lower levels than controls (P<0.001). Median vitamin D levels were 13.29ng/mL (SR), 13.94ng/mL (HR), and 19.61 ng/mL (control). Median VDR concentrations were highest in the SR group (0.600ng/mL), though differences across groups were not statistically significant (P=0.163). A positive correlation between serum vitamin D levels and VDR concentrations was identified (P=0.001, r=0.342).

CONCLUSION

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in children with ALL, highlighting the need for regular vitamin D screening and supplementation. Further research is necessary to explore the therapeutic potential of vitamin D and VDR in leukemia treatment.