Upper Airway Characteristics in Young Individuals With Class II Division 1 Malocclusion: A Retrospective Inter-Ethnic Cephalometric Comparison.

This study aimed to compare the upper-airway morphology between strictly matched Syrian (n = 43) and Hungarian (n = 43) adolescents with Class II/1 malocclusion and identify potential associations between upper airway depths and skeletofacial characteristics. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed, and independent-samples tests and correlation coefficients were used for the statistical analyses. The upper-pharyngeal airway was significantly narrower and the soft palate angle was significantly greater in the Syrian adolescents. Alternatively, the hyoid bone was more posteriorly positioned in the Hungarian adolescents when compared to their counterparts. Depths of the upper and middle pharynx were moderately correlated with sagittal and vertical skeletal dimensions only among Syrian subjects. The depth of the lower pharynx was moderately correlated with hyoid bone position, cervical length, and lip-chin-throat angle only among Hungarian subjects. These findings might have potential implications for optimizing the effects of orthognathic/orthodontic treatments on airway structures in these 2 groups.