Risk factors in peri-implantitis: A narrative review.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The high incidence of peri-implantitis and its refractory response to treatment has underscored the importance of a rigorous evidence-based and comprehensive risk analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize and categorize the abundant and varied data addressing risk factors for peri-implantitis, emphasizing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, as well as retrospective studies.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

An extensive literature search was undertaken by using the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keyword strings were peri-implantitis, dental implant risk assessment, etiology, hazard ratio, surgical planning, prosthetic design, prognostic factors, treatment, and maintenance.

RESULTS

A total of 634 articles were taken from PubMed, 1689 articles from Web of Science, and 2292 from Science Direct. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the titles and abstracts of selected investigations, 140 studies were retrieved.

CONCLUSIONS

An evidence-based risk assessment emphasizing systemic and behavioral factors, modifiable factors, site specific considerations such as surgery-related factors, surgical-restorative factors, prosthetic design factors, and customized supportive peri-implant therapy are essential to comprehensive informed consent and to minimize the occurrence of peri-implantitis.