Skin Prick Testing in a Portuguese Pediatric Population: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical and Allergen Sensitization Profiles.
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Lima Ferreira Manuel, Nogueira Oliveira João, Pinto Mariana, Oliveira Arménia, Guimarães Paulo, Azevedo Aida, Almeida Filipa, Carvalho Fernanda, Falcão Inês, Dinis Maria José, Silva Conceição, S Pereira Rita, S Santos Raquel, Quaresma Márcia, Assunção André, Bordalo Diana, Jacob Sylvia, Gomes David, Jacinto Hunilla, Bento Guerra António, Guedes Sofia, Silva Patrícia, Henriques Daniela, Silva Armandina, Santalha Marta, São Simão Teresa, Eiras Inês, Santos Nobre Mariana, Ramalho Helena, Salgueiro Rita, Torres Lara, Guerra Pedro, Barroca Rita, Correia Ana Luísa, Oliveira Georgeta, Lages Pereira Rita, Carvalho Fábia, Reis Morais Margarida, S Pinto Diana, Araújo Ana Rita, Moreira Mafalda, Teixeira Sandra
Аннотация
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study across 14 Portuguese hospitals between January 2021 and June 2023. Children and adolescents (< 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of allergic diseases and at least one positive skin prick test to inhalant allergens were included. Demographic, clinical, and environmental data were collected from electronic medical records. Skin prick tests followed European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology recommendations. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 29.
RESULTS: A total of 3456 patients were included (60.5% male; median age 10 years). Allergic rhinitis (78.1%) and asthma (54.5%) were the most common diagnoses and 43.1% presented with both conditions. Sensitization was most frequent to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (84.3%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (74.3%), followed by Lepidoglyphus destructor (57.8%), grass pollens (60.4%), and Blomia tropicalis (23.5%). Polysensitization occurred in 58.4% of patients. Sensitization patterns varied with age. Geographic differences were noted: house dust mites sensitization predominated in coastal regions, whereas sensitization to pollens, molds, and animal epithelia was more frequent inland. Migrant children (14.2%) showed lower sensitization rates to most allergens, despite a comparable disease burden.
CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study to describe pediatric allergen sensitization patterns in Portugal. The high rates of polysensitization and the regional variability underscore the importance of tailored diagnostic strategies. Skin prick test remains a key tool in the initial assessment of allergic diseases.