Patterns of Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Molecule Sensitization across Four Peruvian Cities: Exploring Relationships with Regional Climate Classifications.

INTRODUCTION

Allergic sensitization varies by region and environmental conditions. Given Peru's diverse climatic conditions, this study aimed to assess the relationship between climate variability and IgE-mediated sensitization patterns in four Peruvian cities.

METHODS

Patients aged 3 to 70 years diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were recruited in Piura, Lima, Tarapoto, and Arequipa. Cities were classified using the Thornthwaite methodology adopted by SENAMHI. IgE-mediated sensitization was evaluated through skin prick tests and the Allergy Explorer 2 assay to detect reactivity to molecular allergen components. Chi-square analysis and Tukey's multiple comparisons identified significant differences among climatic zones.

RESULTS

Allergic sensitization patterns varied across climate regions. In temperate arid zones, Blo t 5 sensitization was higher (25.3%) compared to warm arid zones (6.3%, p = 0.050). Fel d 1 sensitization showed marked regional differences (56.0% in temperate arid vs. 18.4% in warm rainy zones, p = 0.003). Despite having the highest humidity (92.3%), Tarapoto showed lower sensitization rates across all molecular components for mites in comparison with cities that are also characterized by high humidity, with most differences reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Pet allergen sensitization demonstrated climate-dependent variations, with both Fel d 1 and Can f 1 showing higher rates in temperate arid zones.

CONCLUSION

Peru's climatic diversity could be associated with distinct allergic IgE-mediated sensitization patterns, highlighting environmental factors' relevance in allergic disease management. Lower mite sensitization in the highest humidity zone suggests factors beyond humidity influence regional allergen sensitization patterns.