Sleep medicine · 2026
Electroencephalogram derived sleep microarchitecture in patients with interstitial lung disease and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Venkatnarayan Kavitha, Ayoob Fathima, Sasidharan Arun, Venugopal Rahul, Veluthat Chitra, Ramachandran Priya, Devaraj Uma, Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Sleep disturbances are common in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and are often compounded by comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Conventional polysomnographic indices may not fully capture disease-specific neurophysiological alterations.
METHODOLOGY: We aimed to characterize EEG-derived sleep microarchitecture in ILD with comorbid OSA (ILD-OSA) and compare it with ILD without OSA and apnea hypopnea index matched non-ILD OSA (n = 20 in each group). Quantitative EEG analysis was performed using standardized preprocessing and data extraction protocols. Spectral power, slow wave and spindle metrics, and a novel measure of micro-continuity (Neuroloop gain), reflecting the brain's propensity to generate and sustain sleep spindles and slow oscillations, were computed and compared across the groups.
RESULTS: Sleep macro and microarchitecture were similar between ILD with and without OSA. However, compared with non-ILD OSA, patients with ILD-OSA exhibited higher spindle amplitude and power, with preserved slow-wave characteristics. Notably, spindle neuroloop gain was significantly reduced in ILD-OSA.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILD-OSA demonstrate differences in EEG-derived sleep microarchitecture compared with non-ILD OSA patients, particularly in spindle dynamics. These findings suggest that quantitative EEG may provide additional insights into sleep neurophysiology in ILD that warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies.
METHODOLOGY: We aimed to characterize EEG-derived sleep microarchitecture in ILD with comorbid OSA (ILD-OSA) and compare it with ILD without OSA and apnea hypopnea index matched non-ILD OSA (n = 20 in each group). Quantitative EEG analysis was performed using standardized preprocessing and data extraction protocols. Spectral power, slow wave and spindle metrics, and a novel measure of micro-continuity (Neuroloop gain), reflecting the brain's propensity to generate and sustain sleep spindles and slow oscillations, were computed and compared across the groups.
RESULTS: Sleep macro and microarchitecture were similar between ILD with and without OSA. However, compared with non-ILD OSA, patients with ILD-OSA exhibited higher spindle amplitude and power, with preserved slow-wave characteristics. Notably, spindle neuroloop gain was significantly reduced in ILD-OSA.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILD-OSA demonstrate differences in EEG-derived sleep microarchitecture compared with non-ILD OSA patients, particularly in spindle dynamics. These findings suggest that quantitative EEG may provide additional insights into sleep neurophysiology in ILD that warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies.