Thoracostomy and thoracotomy for emergency management of pediatric pleural space pathologies.

While indications and techniques for thoracostomy are well studied in adults, pediatric-specific evidence remains limited for emergency department-based thoracostomy and especially thoracotomy. The ability to perform urgent interventions for life-threatening pleural space pathologies is essential for all emergency clinicians. This issue reviews the clinical indications for thoracostomy and thoracotomy in pediatric patients, outlines procedural considerations for these techniques, and discusses potential complications in the emergency department. Advancements in the field are also highlighted, including emerging approaches to reduce procedural delays and improve patient outcomes.