Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
A neutral polysaccharide from the pulp of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim mitigates constipation through microbiota-dependent activation of brain-gut axis.
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Li Tao, Jiang Min, Chen Lei, Dong Hongjing, Yu Jinqian, Chen Jian, Wang Xiao
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, known as "Gualou" in traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively utilized to cure various diseases. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism through which TKPW, a neutral polysaccharide isolated from the pulp of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim by water elution, alleviates constipation remains to be fully elucidated.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the efficacy of TKPW in alleviating constipation in mice and to clarify the mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: TKPW was isolated, structurally characterized, and evaluated for its anti-constipation effect in diphenoxylate-induced mice. Fecal parameters, biochemical markers, gut microbiota were analyzed, and the microbiota's role was substantiated using a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trial.
RESULTS: TKPW was characterized as a heteropolysaccharide with average molecular weight of 12.431 kDa, featuring a backbone of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 5)-Araf-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . High-dose TKPW (TKPW-H) treatment significantly improved fecal output, gastrointestinal transit rate, and colonic morphology in constipated mice. Concurrently, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were markedly diminished by TKPW-H, alongside a significant increase in tight-junction protein expression. Additionally, TKPW-H selectively promoted excitatory enteric neurotransmitters and suppressed inhibitory ones. TKPW-H resulted in a significant suppression of colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) expression, accompanied by a concurrent upregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (HTR4). Importantly, TKPW-H enhanced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, elevated the fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and activated the cerebral receptors (GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109a). FMT from TKPW-treated donors reproduced the anti-constipation effects.
CONCLUSION: TKPW supplementation alleviates constipation through modulation of the microbiota-brain-gut axis, underscoring its potential as a prebiotic therapeutic agent.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the efficacy of TKPW in alleviating constipation in mice and to clarify the mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: TKPW was isolated, structurally characterized, and evaluated for its anti-constipation effect in diphenoxylate-induced mice. Fecal parameters, biochemical markers, gut microbiota were analyzed, and the microbiota's role was substantiated using a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trial.
RESULTS: TKPW was characterized as a heteropolysaccharide with average molecular weight of 12.431 kDa, featuring a backbone of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 5)-Araf-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . High-dose TKPW (TKPW-H) treatment significantly improved fecal output, gastrointestinal transit rate, and colonic morphology in constipated mice. Concurrently, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were markedly diminished by TKPW-H, alongside a significant increase in tight-junction protein expression. Additionally, TKPW-H selectively promoted excitatory enteric neurotransmitters and suppressed inhibitory ones. TKPW-H resulted in a significant suppression of colonic vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) expression, accompanied by a concurrent upregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (HTR4). Importantly, TKPW-H enhanced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, elevated the fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and activated the cerebral receptors (GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109a). FMT from TKPW-treated donors reproduced the anti-constipation effects.
CONCLUSION: TKPW supplementation alleviates constipation through modulation of the microbiota-brain-gut axis, underscoring its potential as a prebiotic therapeutic agent.