Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024
What are the Key Phenomenological Clues to Diagnose Functional Tic-Like Behaviors in the Pandemic Era?
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Nilles Christelle, Martino Davide, Berg Lindsay, Fletcher Julian, Pringsheim Tamara
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) can be difficult to distinguish from tics.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the phenomenology of FTLBs in youth and assess the movements and vocalizations most suggestive of the diagnosis.
METHODS: We compared the phenomenology of tics between youth (<20 yr) with FTLBs and with primary tics from our Registry in Calgary, Canada.
RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-six youths were included: 195 with primary tics (75% males; mean age: 10.8 yr) and 41 with FTLBs (98% females; 16.1 yr). In the bivariate models, FTLBs were most associated with copropraxia (OR = 15.5), saying words (OR = 14.5), coprolalia (OR = 13.1), popping (OR = 11.0), whistling (OR = 9.8), simple head movements (OR = 8.6), and self-injurious behaviors (OR = 6.9). In the multivariable model, FTLBs were still associated with saying words (OR = 13.5) and simple head movements (OR = 6.3). Only 12.2% of youth with FTLBs had throat clearing tics (OR = 0.2).
CONCLUSIONS: This study shall help physicians diagnose youth with FTLBs according to the presence/association of specific movements and vocalizations.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the phenomenology of FTLBs in youth and assess the movements and vocalizations most suggestive of the diagnosis.
METHODS: We compared the phenomenology of tics between youth (<20 yr) with FTLBs and with primary tics from our Registry in Calgary, Canada.
RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-six youths were included: 195 with primary tics (75% males; mean age: 10.8 yr) and 41 with FTLBs (98% females; 16.1 yr). In the bivariate models, FTLBs were most associated with copropraxia (OR = 15.5), saying words (OR = 14.5), coprolalia (OR = 13.1), popping (OR = 11.0), whistling (OR = 9.8), simple head movements (OR = 8.6), and self-injurious behaviors (OR = 6.9). In the multivariable model, FTLBs were still associated with saying words (OR = 13.5) and simple head movements (OR = 6.3). Only 12.2% of youth with FTLBs had throat clearing tics (OR = 0.2).
CONCLUSIONS: This study shall help physicians diagnose youth with FTLBs according to the presence/association of specific movements and vocalizations.