Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2026
Postnatal passive smoking and risk of myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
СтатьяСистематический обзорМетаанализНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Yuan Chen, Song Xiaoyan, Tan Ruixia, Zhang Min, Sun Jianling, Liu Chao
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between postnatal passive smoking (secondhand smoke, SHS) and myopia in children remains uncertain, with inconsistent findings across studies and concerns regarding exposure measurement and confounding. This meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the above association and role of potential confounding factors.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for relevant studies. Random-effects models were applied to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Overall, passive smoking was not significantly associated with myopia (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.82-1.20; I² = 81%). However, cohort studies showed a significant association (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.17; I² = 7%), whereas cross-sectional studies did not (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.78-1.14; I² = 83%; p for subgroup difference = 0.02). Regional differences were observed, with a nonsignificant trend toward increased risk in Asian populations and an inverse association in non-Asian studies. No significant effect modification was detected by age, refraction method, adjustment status, or study quality. Notably, exposure assessment relied predominantly on parental self-report, and adjustment for key confounders (e.g., outdoor time, near-work, parental myopia) was inconsistent across studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the available evidence does not support a consistent association between passive smoking and myopia. However, findings from cohort studies-which are more appropriate for risk inference due to their longitudinal design-suggest a potential association that cannot be excluded. Given the limited number of such studies, these results should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for relevant studies. Random-effects models were applied to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Overall, passive smoking was not significantly associated with myopia (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.82-1.20; I² = 81%). However, cohort studies showed a significant association (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.17; I² = 7%), whereas cross-sectional studies did not (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.78-1.14; I² = 83%; p for subgroup difference = 0.02). Regional differences were observed, with a nonsignificant trend toward increased risk in Asian populations and an inverse association in non-Asian studies. No significant effect modification was detected by age, refraction method, adjustment status, or study quality. Notably, exposure assessment relied predominantly on parental self-report, and adjustment for key confounders (e.g., outdoor time, near-work, parental myopia) was inconsistent across studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the available evidence does not support a consistent association between passive smoking and myopia. However, findings from cohort studies-which are more appropriate for risk inference due to their longitudinal design-suggest a potential association that cannot be excluded. Given the limited number of such studies, these results should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating.