Neurobehavioral measures of coincidence anticipation timing.

Coincidence anticipation (CA) refers to the ability to coordinate responses to the arrival of a moving object. This study investigates the neurobehavioral processes that underlie CA through the measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during a CA task on a 17-foot plastic rail with evenly spaced LED lights. Participants responded at the anticipated moment a sequence of successively lit LEDs coincided with a stationary target. Healthy young adult participants (Mage = 21) performed six blocks with movement at 20, 30, or 40 mph and the direction either inbound or outbound relative to the participant. Behavioral results demonstrated a main effect of speed and an interaction between speed and direction, with outbound motion producing early responses and inbound motion producing delayed responses that increased at greater speeds. EEG demonstrated characteristic P1, N2, and P3-like visual evoked potentials (VEPs). VEP amplitudes revealed a significant direction by channel interaction for the P1, indicative of more medial responses for inbound motion. Significant laterality differences were present in the N2, whereas the P3 component produced significant main effects and interactions of speed and direction. This novel combination of three-dimensional CA with EEG demonstrates systematic brain responses that are tuned for motion speed and sensitive to different egocentric motion patterns thereby shedding new light on the mechanism of human visual-motor control.