Speakers aren't blank slates (with respect to sign-language phonology)!

A large literature has gauged the linguistic knowledge of signers by comparing sign-processing by signers and non-signers. Underlying this approach is the assumption that non-signers are devoid of any relevant linguistic knowledge, and as such, they present appropriate non-linguistic controls-a recent paper by Meade et al. (2022) articulates this view explicitly. Our commentary revisits this position. Informed by recent findings from adults and infants, we argue that the phonological system is partly amodal. We show that hearing infants use a shared brain network to extract phonological rules from speech and sign. Moreover, adult speakers who are sign-naïve demonstrably project knowledge of their spoken L1 to signs. So, when it comes to sign-language phonology, speakers are not linguistic blank slates. Disregarding this possibility could systematically underestimate the linguistic knowledge of signers and obscure the nature of the language faculty.