The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016
Provitamin A-biofortified maize increases serum β-carotene, but not retinol, in marginally nourished children: a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zambia.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Palmer Amanda C, Siamusantu Ward, Chileshe Justin, Schulze Kerry J, Barffour Maxwell, Craft Neal E, Molobeka Ngosa, Kalungwana Ng'andwe, Arguello Margia A, Mitra Maithilee, Caswell Bess, Klemm Rolf Dw, West Keith P
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Vitamin A deficiency remains a nutritional concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Conventionally bred maize hybrids with high provitamin A carotenoid concentrations may have the potential to improve vitamin A status in maize-consuming populations.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy of regular provitamin A carotenoid-biofortified "orange" maizemeal (∼15 μg β-carotene/g) consumption in improving vitamin A status and reducing vitamin A deficiency in children.
DESIGN: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial in the rural farming district of Mkushi, Zambia. All 4- to 8-y-old children in an ∼400-km(2) area were identified and grouped by proximity into clusters of ∼15-25 children. We randomly assigned clusters to 1) orange maizemeal (n = 25), 2) white maizemeal (n = 25), or 3) a parallel, nonintervention group (n = 14). Children in intervention clusters (n = 1024) received 200 g maizemeal for 6 d/wk over 6 mo; the maizemeal was prepared according to standardized recipes and served in cluster-level kitchens. Staff recorded attendance and leftovers. We collected venous blood before and after the intervention to measure serum retinol, β-carotene, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein.
RESULTS: Intervention groups were comparable at baseline, and vitamin A status was better than anticipated (12.1% deficient on the basis of serum retinol <0.7 μmol/L). Although attendance at meals did not differ (85%), median daily maize intake was higher in white (154 g/d) than in orange (142 g/d) maizemeal clusters. At follow-up, mean serum β-carotene was 0.14 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.09, 0.20 μmol/L) higher in orange maizemeal clusters (P < 0.001), but mean serum retinol (1.00 ± 0.33 μmol/L overall) and deficiency prevalence (17.1% overall) did not differ between arms.
CONCLUSION: In this marginally nourished population, regular biofortified maizemeal consumption increased serum β-carotene concentrations but did not improve serum retinol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01695148.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy of regular provitamin A carotenoid-biofortified "orange" maizemeal (∼15 μg β-carotene/g) consumption in improving vitamin A status and reducing vitamin A deficiency in children.
DESIGN: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial in the rural farming district of Mkushi, Zambia. All 4- to 8-y-old children in an ∼400-km(2) area were identified and grouped by proximity into clusters of ∼15-25 children. We randomly assigned clusters to 1) orange maizemeal (n = 25), 2) white maizemeal (n = 25), or 3) a parallel, nonintervention group (n = 14). Children in intervention clusters (n = 1024) received 200 g maizemeal for 6 d/wk over 6 mo; the maizemeal was prepared according to standardized recipes and served in cluster-level kitchens. Staff recorded attendance and leftovers. We collected venous blood before and after the intervention to measure serum retinol, β-carotene, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein.
RESULTS: Intervention groups were comparable at baseline, and vitamin A status was better than anticipated (12.1% deficient on the basis of serum retinol <0.7 μmol/L). Although attendance at meals did not differ (85%), median daily maize intake was higher in white (154 g/d) than in orange (142 g/d) maizemeal clusters. At follow-up, mean serum β-carotene was 0.14 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.09, 0.20 μmol/L) higher in orange maizemeal clusters (P < 0.001), but mean serum retinol (1.00 ± 0.33 μmol/L overall) and deficiency prevalence (17.1% overall) did not differ between arms.
CONCLUSION: In this marginally nourished population, regular biofortified maizemeal consumption increased serum β-carotene concentrations but did not improve serum retinol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01695148.