Essential thrombocythemia with Mpl W515 K mutation in a child presenting with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is an extremely rare childhood disorder characterised by clonal expansion of megakaryocytic lineage in bone marrow, leading to a persistent increase in the number of circulating thrombocytes and thus increased risk for thrombotic and haemorrhagic events. The molecular mechanisms of ET are not fully understood. Most children with ET have the JAK2 V617F somatic mutation; however, another mutation, involving a W to L or K substitution at Mpl codon 515, was reported in a small proportion of adult ET patients that is extremely rare in children. Herein, we describe a Mpl W515K somatic mutation in a paediatric case of ET who presented with Budd-Chiari syndrome. No paediatric patient harbouring a Mpl W515K mutation has been previously reported.