[Problems of the concomitance of HIV and tuberculous infection in children (epidemiology, vaccinal prophylaxis, diagnosis, and preventive treatment)].

Tuberculosis and HIV infection become a topical problem not only in adults, but also in children. There is a rise in the number of HIV-infected females of child-bearing age, by increasing the number of babies born to HIV-infected mothers. HIV-positive children are not vaccinated with BCG vaccine before 15-18 months. For this time, they have time to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and ill with tuberculosis. And since it is difficult to diagnose tuberculous infection in these children (tuberculin tests are frequently negative or not marked), tuberculosis is detected in children late and it takes a severe course. Under these conditions both vaccination against tuberculosis and preventive treatment for latent tuberculous infection are required. The results of the study conducted by the authors are in good agreement with the data available in the literature on the safety of BCG vaccination in HIV-infected children without clinical symptoms of AIDS in the first year of life, including in neonatality.