The interplay between circadian rhythms and aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Circadian rhythms are essential biological systems operating on a 24-h cycle, playing a crucial role in regulating sleep, cognitive function, immune responses, and hormone secretion. This review explores the intricate relationship between circadian rhythms and aging, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. It discusses age-related changes in sleep patterns and the role of circadian disruption in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Special attention is given to the core CLOCK genes, including BMAL1 and Per2, and their regulatory influence on these processes. The review also highlights the impact of circadian misalignment on metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting circadian pathways-ranging from pharmacological agents to lifestyle modifications-are presented as promising approaches to support healthy aging. This review provides the deeper understanding of how aging affects circadian regulation may pave the way for targeted interventions aimed at extending lifespan and enhancing overall quality of life.