Updates in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Recent molecular studies have identified subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) driven by genomic aberrations rather than structural chromosome rearrangements or aneuploidy. Recent years have brought the advent of immunotherapy to cancer treatment regimens, and several effective agents have been developed for B-ALL. With increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of pediatric ALL and the identification of potential targets widely expressed on leukemic blasts, targeted agents and immunotherapies have been developed for pediatric patients with R/R-ALL.