Halloysite nanotubes-incorporated ionic liquid-modified organic polymer monolith for the spin-tip solid-phase extraction of dexmedetomidine from whole blood.

Herein, a novel halloysite nanotubes-incorporated ionic liquid-modified organic polymer monolith (HNTs-IL monolith) was synthesized and used for the first time for the highly efficient and selective spin-tip solid phase extraction of dexmedetomidine from complex whole blood samples. The adsorption capacity of HNTs-IL monolith for dexmedetomidine was remarkably improved by introducing HNTs, which was up to 33.8 mg/g. Furthermore, the HNTs-IL monolith demonstrated excellent reusability, enduring up to 100 extraction cycles. The established method exhibits a wide linear range (0.10-10.00 ng/mL), a low limit of detection (0.01 ng/mL), less sample and sorbent consumption (50 μL of whole blood, 15 mg of sorbent), negligible matrix effect (103%), excellent reproducibility (intra-day RSDs: 2.7-7.3%; inter-day RSDs: 5.6-9.8%), and achieved high recoveries in whole blood samples (89.7-98.3%). This work offers a robust and practical tool for the sensitive monitoring of dexmedetomidine in clinical applications.