Spectrum of Newly Diagnosed Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Developing Country in the HAART Era.

Purpose: To characterize the presenting features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in HIV-positive patients in a developing country in the HAART era.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients with CMV retinitis seen at a tertiary-care referral center between January 2006 to June 2017. Demographic and clinical data were collected to study the presenting features and risk factors for blindness.

Results

Fifty-five patients with treatment-naïve CMV retinitis were enrolled; 75% were males. CD4 counts were below 50 cells/µL in 51.1%. Bilateral presentation was seen in 61.5%. Half (50.6%) of the eyes were blind at first examination. Zone 1 involvement was present in 46% of the eyes. Retinal area involvement > 25% was the only factor associated significantly with higher incidence of blindness (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

There was extensive and bilateral presentation of CMV retinitis due to delayed presentation. Screening for CMV retinitis, irrespective of CD4 counts, may help in developing nations.