Sleep medicine · 2014
Impact of frequency of nightmares comorbid with insomnia on depression in Japanese rural community residents: a cross-sectional study.
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Nakajima Shun, Inoue Yuichi, Sasai Taeko, Okajima Isa, Komada Yoko, Nomura Takashi, Takahashi Kiyohisa
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Nightmares and insomnia are known to be associated with the development and aggravation of depression. Our community-based study was conducted to clarify the relation between the impacts of nightmares and insomnia on depression.
METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was administered to residents of a rural community in Japan. In all, 2822 participants responded to questions assessing personal characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing insomnia, and a 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) for evaluating depression. Nightmare frequency was assessed using an item for nightmares on the PSQI.
RESULTS: Nightmares more frequently occurred in participants with insomnia than those without (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the scores of both nightmares and insomnia were significantly associated with the increase in depression score (nightmares (β = 0.09, P < .01); insomnia (β = 0.39, P < .01)). Participants with coexisting nightmares and insomnia showed higher depression scores than participants with insomnia alone or those with nightmares who did not have insomnia (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia and nightmares independently and additively impact the aggravation of depression.
METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was administered to residents of a rural community in Japan. In all, 2822 participants responded to questions assessing personal characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing insomnia, and a 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) for evaluating depression. Nightmare frequency was assessed using an item for nightmares on the PSQI.
RESULTS: Nightmares more frequently occurred in participants with insomnia than those without (P < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the scores of both nightmares and insomnia were significantly associated with the increase in depression score (nightmares (β = 0.09, P < .01); insomnia (β = 0.39, P < .01)). Participants with coexisting nightmares and insomnia showed higher depression scores than participants with insomnia alone or those with nightmares who did not have insomnia (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia and nightmares independently and additively impact the aggravation of depression.