Anemia prevention and control in four central Asian republics and Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan and the central Asian republics of Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have developed anemia prevention and control (APC) policies based on multiple interventions, including education and promotion, oral supplementation of high risk groups and fortification of wheat flour with iron and other micronutrients. These national strategies are aimed at reducing the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among young children and women of child-bearing age. Strategy development has been assisted by funding and technical assistance from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) with additional technical support from the International Nutrition Foundation, the United Nations University and various national institutions. These countries have been among the most advanced in adopting national strategies that include multiple interventions in an overall package, and national interest in APC remains high. However, reviews of APC activities conducted in 2001 suggests the need for modification and enhancement of current efforts and for a shift to national-level actions if these countries are to progress toward current and future goals. Increased commitment and determination, by both national groups and international organizations, are required to achieve and sustain improvement in micronutrient nutrition.