["100 rats and 20 children!"--Julius Moses and the debate over human experiments in the Weimar Republic].

In 1900, the Prussian ministry of cultural affairs for the first time issued ethical guidelines on human experimentation. These guidelines were not able to prevent questionable human experiments in Germany during the Weimar Republic. In 1928 the testing of a vitamin-D-medication in the Berlin "Kaiserin Auguste Victoria-Haus" led to a public scandal. The physician and active social democrat Julius Moses played a decisive role in the disclosure of this scandal and of other inadmissible experiments. Subsequently in 1930, the "Reichsgesundheitsrat" developed improved guidelines distinguishing between scientific and therapeutic experiments.