AIDS (London, England) · 2024
Plasma galectin-9 relates to cognitive performance and inflammation among adolescents with vertically acquired HIV.
СтатьяПоддержка NIH: внешняя программаПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Moar Preeti, Linn Kyaw, Premeaux Thomas A, Bowler Scott, Sardarni Urvinder Kaur, Gopalan Bindu Parachalil, Shwe Ei E, San Thidar, Han Haymar, Clements Danielle, Hlaing Chaw S, Kyu Ei H, Thair Cho, Mar Yi Y, Nway Nway, Mannarino Julie, Bolzenius Jacob, Mar Soe, Aye Aye Mya M, Tandon Ravi, Paul Robert, Ndhlovu Lishomwa C
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH) are at an increased risk of poor cognitive development yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circulating galectin-9 (Gal-9) has been associated with increased inflammation and multimorbidity in adults with HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, the relationship between Gal-9 in AWH and cognition remain unexplored.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART ( n = 15), ART-naive ( n = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART ( n = 54) and AWOH ( n = 22)] were studied. Adolescents from Myanmar underwent standardized cognitive tests.
METHODS: Plasma Gal-9 and soluble mediators were measured by immunoassays and cellular immune markers by flow cytometry. We used Mann-Whitney U tests to determine group-wise differences, Spearman's correlation for associations and machine learning to identify a classifier of cognitive status (impaired vs. unimpaired) built from clinical (age, sex, HIV status) and immunological markers.
RESULTS: Gal-9 levels were elevated in ART-treated AWH compared with AWOH in both cohorts (all P < 0.05). Higher Gal-9 in AWH correlated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators (sCD14, TNFα, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10) and activated CD8 + T cells (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of HIV status, higher Gal-9 levels correlated with lower cognitive test scores in multiple domains [verbal learning, visuospatial learning, memory, motor skills (all P < 0.05)]. ML classification identified Gal-9, CTLA-4, HVEM, and TIM-3 as significant predictors of cognitive deficits in adolescents [mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.837].
CONCLUSION: Our results highlight a potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker of inflammation and cognitive health among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART ( n = 15), ART-naive ( n = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART ( n = 54) and AWOH ( n = 22)] were studied. Adolescents from Myanmar underwent standardized cognitive tests.
METHODS: Plasma Gal-9 and soluble mediators were measured by immunoassays and cellular immune markers by flow cytometry. We used Mann-Whitney U tests to determine group-wise differences, Spearman's correlation for associations and machine learning to identify a classifier of cognitive status (impaired vs. unimpaired) built from clinical (age, sex, HIV status) and immunological markers.
RESULTS: Gal-9 levels were elevated in ART-treated AWH compared with AWOH in both cohorts (all P < 0.05). Higher Gal-9 in AWH correlated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators (sCD14, TNFα, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10) and activated CD8 + T cells (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of HIV status, higher Gal-9 levels correlated with lower cognitive test scores in multiple domains [verbal learning, visuospatial learning, memory, motor skills (all P < 0.05)]. ML classification identified Gal-9, CTLA-4, HVEM, and TIM-3 as significant predictors of cognitive deficits in adolescents [mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.837].
CONCLUSION: Our results highlight a potential role of Gal-9 as a biomarker of inflammation and cognitive health among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV.