Changes in copper and zinc status and response to dietary copper deficiency in metallothionein-overexpressing transgenic mouse heart.

Previous studies have shown that cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein (MT) inhibits progression of dietary copper restriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Because copper and zinc are critically involved in myocardial response to dietary copper restriction, the present study was undertaken to understand the effect of MT on the status of copper and zinc in the heart and the subsequent response to dietary copper restriction. Dams of cardiac-specific MT-transgenic (MT-TG) mouse pups and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed copper-adequate (CuA) or copper-deficient (CuD) diet starting on the fourth day post delivery, and the weanling mice were continued on the same diet until they were sacrificed. Zinc and copper concentrations were significantly elevated in MT-TG mouse heart, but the extent of zinc elevation was much more than that of copper. Dietary copper restriction significantly decreased copper concentrations to the same extent in both MT-TG and WT mouse hearts, and decreased zinc concentrations along with a decrease in MT concentrations in the MT-TG mouse heart. Copper deficiency-induced heart hypertrophy was significantly inhibited, but copper deficiency-induced suppression of serum ceruloplasmin or hepatic Cu,Zn-SOD activities was not inhibited in the MT-TG mice. These results suggest that elevation in zinc but not in copper in the heart may be involved in the MT inhibition of copper deficiency-induced cardiac hypertrophy.