Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Early-Onset Cataract from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
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Jiang Bo, Zhao Tingting, Liu Min, Shi Chunsheng, Shu Na
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study examined global, regional, and national trends in early-onset cataract (EOC) burden from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI).
METHODS: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOC were analyzed via Joinpoint regression to assess temporal trends.
RESULTS: Global EOC cases surged from 5,999,808 (1990) to 10,831,058 (2021), with DALYs rising from 596,529 to 855,633. Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 increased from 249.62 to 287.33 (AAPC = 0.461%, p < 0.001). Burden escalated with age and was consistently higher in females. Low-middle SDI regions had the highest age-standardized prevalence (416.43) and DALY rates (83.52) in 2021. Etiological shifts occurred: DALYs from air pollution declined (33.40% to 29.57%) and smoking decreased (11.68% to 9.00%), while metabolic risks like high fasting glucose (12.16% to 15.01%) and elevated BMI (12.01% to 16.05%) grew significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: EOC burden has risen markedly since 1990, driven by aging populations, female sex, metabolic risks, and socioeconomic disparities. Low-middle SDI regions face disproportionate impacts. Prioritizing prevention strategies targeting modifiable risks (air pollution, smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia) and ensuring equitable healthcare access are critical to mitigating this public health challenge.
METHODS: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOC were analyzed via Joinpoint regression to assess temporal trends.
RESULTS: Global EOC cases surged from 5,999,808 (1990) to 10,831,058 (2021), with DALYs rising from 596,529 to 855,633. Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 increased from 249.62 to 287.33 (AAPC = 0.461%, p < 0.001). Burden escalated with age and was consistently higher in females. Low-middle SDI regions had the highest age-standardized prevalence (416.43) and DALY rates (83.52) in 2021. Etiological shifts occurred: DALYs from air pollution declined (33.40% to 29.57%) and smoking decreased (11.68% to 9.00%), while metabolic risks like high fasting glucose (12.16% to 15.01%) and elevated BMI (12.01% to 16.05%) grew significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: EOC burden has risen markedly since 1990, driven by aging populations, female sex, metabolic risks, and socioeconomic disparities. Low-middle SDI regions face disproportionate impacts. Prioritizing prevention strategies targeting modifiable risks (air pollution, smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia) and ensuring equitable healthcare access are critical to mitigating this public health challenge.