First Molecular Detection and Genotypic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis in Farmed Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar) in Southern China.

PURPOSE: Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis are enteric unicellular microorganisms with a broad host range and global distribution. Both pathogens are associated with gastrointestinal disorders in their hosts and represent notable public health risks. However, molecular epidemiological data on E. bieneusi and Blastocystis in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the two pathogens in farmed chukar partridges and evaluate their zoonotic potential.

METHODS

A total of 411 fecal samples were collected from farmed chukar partridges. The prevalence of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis was determined, and their genotypes/subtypes were characterized by PCR amplification of species-specific target genes.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi and Blastocystis in farmed chukar partridges was 1.22% (5/411) and 1.70% (7/411), respectively. Age-stratified analysis showed the highest E. bieneusi prevalence occurred in yearling partridges (1.72%, 2/116), while young partridges had the highest Blastocystis infection rate (2.35%, 2/85). Sequence analysis identified three E. bieneusi genotypes, comprising two known genotypes (CM7 and BEB6) and one novel genotype WZP-1. Meanwhile, two Blastocystis subtypes (ST6 and ST7) were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

All identified genotypes and subtypes have documented zoonotic potential, suggesting that farmed chukar partridges may act as potential reservoir hosts for human infections with these pathogens. Our findings provide baseline molecular epidemiological data on E. bieneusi and Blastocystis in partridges and have important public health implications. Basic hygiene practices and appropriate manure management should be adopted on chukar partridge farms to reduce potential environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission risk.