Non-coding RNAs in parasitic diseases: a bibliometric analysis of knowledge structure, research hotspots, and future directions.

BACKGROUND

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in host-parasite interactions, yet the rapid proliferation of publications has made it challenging to obtain a comprehensive, unbiased view of the field's intellectual structure and evolving frontiers.

METHODS

We performed a bibliometric analysis of research articles on ncRNAs in parasitic diseases published from 2015 to 2025. A multi-database search was conducted across the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, yielding 432 records for annual publication trend analysis, with 409 original research articles from the Web of Science Core Collection used for bibliometric network analyses, including co-citation, collaboration networks, keyword clustering, burst detection, and dual-map overlay.

RESULTS

Annual publications grew steadily from 21 to 44 over the decade, with a peak of 51 in 2022. China ranked first in output (175 articles), while the United States showed the highest centrality (0.37). Author collaboration networks were sparse (density = 0.0032), indicating fragmented research efforts. Keyword clustering identified 11 clusters, with "liver" and "immune responses" as persistent core themes; "extracellular vesicles" emerged as a key hub after 2018. Citation burst analysis revealed a three-phase evolution-from molecular identification (2015-2019) to functional regulation and communication (2019-2021), and then to host-pathogen interactions and translational applications (2022-2025). The most highly cited references collectively established the "extracellular vesicles-ncRNA" paradigm, and persistently bursting references point toward clinical diagnostics. Circular RNAs and the NF-κB pathway appeared as emerging hotspots. Journal overlay mapping showed knowledge flowing from molecular biology toward veterinary and parasitology disciplines.

CONCLUSIONS

The field is transitioning from fundamental discovery toward translational applications, with extracellular vesicle-encapsulated ncRNAs holding promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Enhanced international collaboration and interdisciplinary integration are urgently needed to accelerate progress.