Psychometric Properties of the PROMIS Pediatric Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Self and Proxy Short Forms in Early Adolescents With and Without ADHD.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties and psychopathology correlates of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-related Impairment Self and Proxy Short Forms in early adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 341 early adolescents (ages 10-12 years; 52.2% female), with approximately half meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Adolescents and their caregivers completed short form versions of the PROMIS Pediatric Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-related Impairment Self and Proxy Forms, in addition to measures of ADHD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Adolescents with ADHD were significantly more likely to be taking melatonin (33.7%) compared to adolescents without ADHD (14.9%). Across informants, the PROMIS paediatric sleep measures demonstrated strong internal consistency, moderate convergent validity, and partial evidence of discriminant validity. As expected, adolescents with ADHD had higher scores in both sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment than their non-ADHD peers across both informants, and most differences remained when participants taking stimulant medications were excluded from analyses. No sex differences in either sleep disturbance or sleep-related impairment scores were present across either adolescent or parent informant. Both sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment were consistently associated with higher levels of psychopathology across parent, teacher, and adolescent reports, with daytime impairment showing particularly strong and unique associations with depression. This study provides psychometric support for the PROMIS Pediatric Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-related Impairment Self and Proxy Short Forms in early adolescents, including youth with ADHD who frequently experience sleep disturbances and sleep-related impairment.