Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
Clinical Implementation of Routine Whole-genome Sequencing for Hospital Infection Control of Multi-drug Resistant Pathogens.
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Forde Brian M, Bergh Haakon, Cuddihy Thom, Hajkowicz Krispin, Hurst Trish, Playford E Geoffrey, Henderson Belinda C, Runnegar Naomi, Clark Julia, Jennison Amy V, Moss Susan, Hume Anna, Leroux Hugo, Beatson Scott A, Paterson David L, Harris Patrick N A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Prospective whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based surveillance may be the optimal approach to rapidly identify transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the healthcare setting.
METHODS: We prospectively collected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-E), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from blood cultures, sterile sites, or screening specimens across three large tertiary referral hospitals (2 adult, 1 paediatric) in Brisbane, Australia. WGS was used to determine in silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and resistance gene profiling via a bespoke genomic analysis pipeline. Putative transmission events were identified by comparison of core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Relevant clinical meta-data were combined with genomic analyses via customised automation, collated into hospital-specific reports regularly distributed to infection control teams.
RESULTS: Over 4 years (April 2017 to July 2021) 2660 isolates were sequenced. This included MDR gram-negative bacilli (n = 293 CPE, n = 1309 ESBL), MRSA (n = 620), and VRE (n = 433). A total of 379 clinical reports were issued. Core genome SNP data identified that 33% of isolates formed 76 distinct clusters. Of the 76 clusters, 43 were contained to the 3 target hospitals, suggesting ongoing transmission within the clinical environment. The remaining 33 clusters represented possible inter-hospital transmission events or strains circulating in the community. In 1 hospital, proven negligible transmission of non-multi-resistant MRSA enabled changes to infection control policy.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of routine WGS for MDR pathogens in clinical laboratories is feasible and can enable targeted infection prevention and control interventions.
METHODS: We prospectively collected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-E), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from blood cultures, sterile sites, or screening specimens across three large tertiary referral hospitals (2 adult, 1 paediatric) in Brisbane, Australia. WGS was used to determine in silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and resistance gene profiling via a bespoke genomic analysis pipeline. Putative transmission events were identified by comparison of core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Relevant clinical meta-data were combined with genomic analyses via customised automation, collated into hospital-specific reports regularly distributed to infection control teams.
RESULTS: Over 4 years (April 2017 to July 2021) 2660 isolates were sequenced. This included MDR gram-negative bacilli (n = 293 CPE, n = 1309 ESBL), MRSA (n = 620), and VRE (n = 433). A total of 379 clinical reports were issued. Core genome SNP data identified that 33% of isolates formed 76 distinct clusters. Of the 76 clusters, 43 were contained to the 3 target hospitals, suggesting ongoing transmission within the clinical environment. The remaining 33 clusters represented possible inter-hospital transmission events or strains circulating in the community. In 1 hospital, proven negligible transmission of non-multi-resistant MRSA enabled changes to infection control policy.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of routine WGS for MDR pathogens in clinical laboratories is feasible and can enable targeted infection prevention and control interventions.