Intravenous gamma globulin treatment for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children.

Six children, five to 16 years of age, with the chronic, autoimmune form of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were given intravenous gamma globulin (Gamimune, Cutter Biological, Berkeley, California) in a dose of 400 mg/kg per day for five consecutive days as six-hour infusions. Two of the six children had undergone splenectomy but the other four had not. Three of six children had a good or excellent response to the first five-day course of intravenous gamma globulin. The peak platelet count occurred within 12 days of the start of therapy in all. All three have required booster doses of intravenous gamma globulin to maintain platelet counts at a safe level. All children had marked increases in serum IgG following intravenous gamma globulin, except one who had undergone splenectomy and who had chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with high baseline levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The significance of the observed increase in platelet-associated IgG during treatment is not clear. No untoward reactions necessitating cessation of therapy were encountered during this study. Our short-term observations in six children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura indicate that high-dose intravenous gamma globulin is an effective form of treatment for certain children with this condition.