Effects of GM1 ganglioside upon neuronal degeneration during withdrawal from alcohol.

In previous studies we demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption induced hippocampal cell and synapse loss in offset with an increase in the length of granule cell dendrites. In addition we observed that withdrawal after long periods of alcohol intake worsened the degenerative processes and that dendritic alterations were no longer apparent. In an attempt to reverse these structural changes we tested the action of GM1 ganglioside during the withdrawal period as there is evidence that GM1 may enhance neuronal recovery after different kinds of brain lesions. Cell and synaptic quantifications were performed and the branching pattern of the granule cell dendritic arborizations was analysed. The number of dentate granule and CA3 pyramidal cells from GM1-treated animals was found not to be significantly different from that of the alcohol-treated and withdrawal groups. No quantitative changes were found in the number of mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses when the aforementioned groups were compared. Whether the lack of effectiveness of GM1 can be related to the model employed or not is thoroughly discussed.