Multi-mode ultrasonic-driven self-assembly of banana-derived resistant starch nanoparticles for epigallocatechin gallate encapsulation and in vitro antiglycation evaluation.

Starch nanoparticles, as a type of nanomaterial, have been increasingly applied in food and biomedical fields due to their excellent biocompatibility, safety, non-toxicity, and resource sustainability. In this study, banana resistant starch nanoparticles (RSNPs) were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis self-assembly method. Compared with RSNPs prepared by traditional enzymatic hydrolysis, the particle size was significantly reduced to 58.48 ± 0.53 nm under low-high-frequency alternating treatment (MG), and the crystallinity was increased simultaneously. The ultrasonic-treated RSNPs were loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG-RSNPs), and the highest loading efficiency reached 92.07 ± 0.69%. The stability under varying pH values, ionic concentrations, and storage durations was significantly enhanced, while the release rates of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal environments was markedly reduced. The antiglycation results showed that the MG group exhibited superior inhibitory effects on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), with the highest inhibition rates of 56.97% and 65.92% against fluorescent and non-fluorescent AGEs, respectively. Moreover, the capture efficiency of dicarbonyl compounds was significantly improved at 160 °C. Regarding the inhibitory mechanism, it demonstrated a dual-pathway synergistic effect that integrated the sustained release of EGCG and the capture of AGEs precursors. The research findings provide a novel strategy for polyphenol delivery as well as antiglycation applications under high-temperature and long-term conditions.