The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026
Association between building density and screening myopia in children and adolescents: a 5-year longitudinal study from China.
СтатьяМногоцентровое исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Wang Jingjing, Chen Jun, Gong Wei, Yang Yating, Wang Fengge, Yang Jinliuxing, Du Linlin, Du Yuchen, Liu Sichen, Zhang Bo, Wang Ling, Xu Xun, He Xiangui
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This study explored the relationship between school-level built environment factors (building density and height) and myopia prevalence.
METHODS: In all 16 districts of Shanghai, students from public schools and kindergartens underwent visual acuity testing and non-cycloplegic refraction between 2019 and 2023. Building density and height within 500-metre and 1,000-metre buffers around the schools were obtained using GIS (Geographic Information System)-based spatial and network analyses from the Tianditu database. Demographic and behavioural covariates, such as age, gender, outdoor activity time and near-work time, were collected through questionnaires. Logistic mixed-effect models were used to analyse the association between the building environment and myopia, adjusting for relevant demographic and behavioural factors.
RESULTS: Data from 8 647 375 participants were analysed, with 1 116 851 followed consistently. The myopia rate among students was significantly higher during 2020-2021 compared with 2019, 2022 and 2023 (p<0.05). Myopia was more prevalent in students aged 6 to 12, with a higher average age for myopic individuals (8.13 vs 6.64 years). The average building density was higher at schools of myopic students (15.70%) versus non-myopic students (14.90%) (p<0.001). Building density near schools was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent (p<0.05), while no significant association was found with building height. The risk of myopia increased with higher building density (OR: 1.143-1.202, p<0.05), particularly in boys over 12 years old. A stronger association was observed in inner suburban areas (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged exposure to high building density may accelerate myopia progression. Urban planning should consider vision health, with regulations on building density near schools to reduce myopia risk.
METHODS: In all 16 districts of Shanghai, students from public schools and kindergartens underwent visual acuity testing and non-cycloplegic refraction between 2019 and 2023. Building density and height within 500-metre and 1,000-metre buffers around the schools were obtained using GIS (Geographic Information System)-based spatial and network analyses from the Tianditu database. Demographic and behavioural covariates, such as age, gender, outdoor activity time and near-work time, were collected through questionnaires. Logistic mixed-effect models were used to analyse the association between the building environment and myopia, adjusting for relevant demographic and behavioural factors.
RESULTS: Data from 8 647 375 participants were analysed, with 1 116 851 followed consistently. The myopia rate among students was significantly higher during 2020-2021 compared with 2019, 2022 and 2023 (p<0.05). Myopia was more prevalent in students aged 6 to 12, with a higher average age for myopic individuals (8.13 vs 6.64 years). The average building density was higher at schools of myopic students (15.70%) versus non-myopic students (14.90%) (p<0.001). Building density near schools was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent (p<0.05), while no significant association was found with building height. The risk of myopia increased with higher building density (OR: 1.143-1.202, p<0.05), particularly in boys over 12 years old. A stronger association was observed in inner suburban areas (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged exposure to high building density may accelerate myopia progression. Urban planning should consider vision health, with regulations on building density near schools to reduce myopia risk.