Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021-2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study.
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Kissling Esther, Pozo Francisco, Martínez-Baz Iván, Buda Silke, Vilcu Ana-Maria, Domegan Lisa, Mazagatos Clara, Dijkstra Frederika, Latorre-Margalef Neus, Kurečić Filipović Sanja, Machado Ausenda, Lazar Mihaela, Casado Itziar, Dürrwald Ralf, van der Werf Sylvie, O'Donnell Joan, Linares Dopido Juan Antonio, Meijer Adam, Riess Maximilian, Višekruna Vučina Vesna, Rodrigues Ana Paula, Mihai Maria Elena, Castilla Jesús, Goerlitz Luise, Falchi Alessandra, Connell Jeff, Castrillejo Daniel, Hooiveld Mariette, Carnahan Annasara, Ilić Maja, Guiomar Raquel, Ivanciuc Alina, Maurel Marine, Omokanye Ajibola, Valenciano Marta, I-MOVE study team
Аннотация
METHODS: Primary care practitioners collected information on patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. Cases were influenza A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09 RT-PCR positive, and controls were influenza virus negative. We calculated VE using logistic regression, adjusting for study site, age, sex, onset date, and presence of chronic conditions.
RESULTS: Between week 40 2021 and week 20 2022, we included over 11 000 patients of whom 253 and 1595 were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. Overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 75% (95% CI: 43-89) and 81% (95% CI: 45-93) among those aged 15-64 years. Overall VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 29% (95% CI: 12-42) and 25% (95% CI: -41 to 61), 33% (95% CI: 14-49), and 26% (95% CI: -22 to 55) among those aged 0-14, 15-64, and over 65 years, respectively. The A(H3N2) VE among the influenza vaccination target group was 20% (95% CI: -6 to 39). All 53 sequenced A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.1. Among 410 sequenced influenza A(H3N2) viruses, all but eight belonged to clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2.
DISCUSSION: Despite antigenic mismatch between vaccine and circulating strains for influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, 2021-2022 VE estimates against circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were the highest within the I-MOVE network since the 2009 influenza pandemic. VE against A(H3N2) was lower than A(H1N1)pdm09, but at least one in five individuals vaccinated against influenza were protected against presentation to primary care with laboratory-confirmed influenza.