Utilizing pectin/ACP complexes to mimic amelogenesis for biomimetic enamel regeneration.

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to develop a- biocompatible remineralization system using pectin/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) complexes to mimic the natural process of amelogenesis for enamel regeneration. The objectives are to confirm pectinase-mediated template degradation, evaluate the remineralization efficacy, and assess cytocompatibility and clinical feasibility.

METHODS

Pectin/ACP complexes were synthesized by mixing pectin with calcium and phosphate ions at pH 9. The complexes were characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Pectinase-mediated degradation was assessed via DNS assays and TEM. Remineralization efficacy was evaluated on demineralized human enamel samples in vitro and in situ using SEM, EDX, and nanoindentation. Cytocompatibility was tested using L-929 fibroblasts with CCK-8 assays and live/dead staining. A rat oral model was used to validate clinical feasibility.

RESULTS

Pectin/ACP complexes formed stable, amorphous structures at pH 4-9, with TEM showing filamentous and spherical aggregates. FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence of ACP. Pectinase effectively degraded pectin, facilitating ACP-to-HAP transformation. In vitro remineralization resulted in enamel-like structures. Mechanical testing showed significant recovery of hardness and elasticity. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated effective remineralization. Biocompatibility tests indicated no cytotoxicity, with excellent cell viability and proliferation.

SIGNIFICANCE: The Pectin/ACP system provides a novel, biocompatible approach to enamel remineralization, mimicking natural amelogenesis. This study demonstrates the potential of using food-grade materials and enzymatic processes for dental applications, offering a safe and effective alternative to existing multi-component strategies.