Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a fairly common bleeding disorder PRESENTING with a decreased number of platelets. The typical clinical presentation involves mild bleeding symptoms with bruising and petechiae and occasional mucosal bleeding. ITP is thought to be an autoimmune disorder and more recently other mechanisms have been described. Most cases resolve spontaneously and can undergo watchful waiting as the platelet count improves. Initially, steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) can be used to increase platelets. For those cases that do not resolve and become persistent or chronic, there are multiple treatment options, with new agents being studied in adults that will hopefully make it to clinical trials in pediatrics in the future.