Pharmaceutical Care Contributes to the Advanced Management of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

We previously reported that successive pharmaceutical care by oncology pharmacy specialists contributes to quality outpatient chemotherapy. However, there are a few reports regarding such care during immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment, despite increasing patients being treated with ICIs and the profile of immune-related adverse events being quite different from that of the adverse effects of cytotoxic agents. We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of continuous pharmaceutical care in outpatient ICI treatment, focusing especially on the period of providing pharmaceutical recommendations. The adoption rate, efficacy, and period of pharmaceutical interventions, such as prescription questions and pharmaceutical recommendations, were evaluated. A total of 3597 ICI administrations (366 patients) were evaluated. We performed 2625 face-to-face medication counseling. A total of 282 prescription questions and 147 pharmaceutical recommendations were conducted. Approximately 70% of the questions were regarding ordering of laboratory examination, and 86.5% of these questions were adopted. Pharmaceutical recommendations were categorized into medication recommendations (81.1%), examination recommendations (10.8%), and recommendation of expert consultation (8.1%). The adoption rate of pharmaceutical recommendations was 96.0, and 70% of the medication recommendations attenuated the symptoms. Finally, the provision rate of pharmaceutical recommendations was significantly higher in the first 3 months after ICI treatment initiation. We found that pharmaceutical care contributes to an improved quality of outpatient ICI treatment, and face-to-face pharmaceutical counseling up to 3 months after ICI treatment initiation is the most important.