Distribution of nematophagous fungi and soil-transmitted helminths in outdoor built environments across Latin America.
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Mejia Rojelio, Aranda Eva Mereles, Ojeda Leticia, Benedetti Sandra Ocampos, Guzman Janitzio J, Slatko Barton, Almazan Cristina, Diaz-Fernandez Melisa, Cimino Ruben, Juarez Marisa, Duran Natalia Montellano, Flores Estefania Lorena Mansilla, Vargas Paola Andrea, Kaur Amandeep, Uzcategui Nestor L, Mejia Lucia Estela, Keegan Katherine Elizabeth, Mejia Emilio Rey, Amorim Chiara Cássia Oliveira, Geiger Stefan M, Fujiwara Ricardo T, Llangarí-Arizo Luz Marina, Lopez Andrea, Romero-Sandoval Natalia, Guadalupe Irene, Villanueva-Lizama Liliana E, Cruz-Chan Julio Vladimir, Rivera Maritza Dalí Camones, Sabino Eddyson Montalvo, Pineda Carlos, Wetzel Eric J, Cooper Philip J
Аннотация
METHODS: Using an in vitro test, Toxocara cati eggs were exposed to A. oligospora. By using a flotation, filtration, and bead-beating disruption technique, parasite and fungal DNA were collected and detected by multi-parallel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Similar methods were used to extract DNA from soil samples outside built environments across seven Latin American countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru.
RESULTS: In vitro testing showed a 40.1% reduction in viable eggs in the presence of A. oligospora, as determined by qPCR (P = 0.0212). Comparing the impact of A. oligospora on T. cati over 14 days revealed a decrease in T. cati DNA concentration compared to control groups (P = 0.0039). Using qPCR to detect A. oligospora, there was a 62.4% decrease in the mean A. oligospora DNA at 14 days. The co-occurrence of NF and STH was evaluated in 805 soil samples from seven Latin American countries representing distinct geoclimatic settings. We observed a significant reduction in helminth abundance (P < 0.05), including Ascaris, Strongyloides, Toxocara, and any helminth.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The ubiquitous presence of A. oligospora in soils and inverse association with STH parasite detection suggest a potential role in environmental helminth transmission patterns.