Biomarkers in dementia disorders - a narrative review.

With the introduction of specific or unspecific biomarkers, the diagnosis of dementia disorders has changed from a purely clinical to a biological construct. This review presents biomarkers for the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Specific biomarkers for misfolded proteins have been developed for Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Unspecific biomarkers for neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation may also be helpful in diagnosing or staging dementia disorders.