The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
Adverse life events and cognition in older adults: the role of gender and psychological resilience.
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Leung Yvonne, Eramudugolla Ranmalee, Mortby Moyra E, Anstey Kaarin J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study examined gender differences in the association between stressful life events and late-life cognition, with psychological resilience as a potential moderating factor.
METHODS: Longitudinal data were drawn from a population-based sample of 1,815 participants (Mage = 70.71, SDage = 1.50, 48% women). Stressful life events were indicated by both the number of recent life events in the past 6 months measured by the List of Threatening Events Questionnaire and lifetime traumatic experiences captured by questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cognitive outcomes included neuropsychological assessments of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and domain-specific performance. Psychological resilience was measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Logistic and linear models were conducted, adjusting for common risk factors.
RESULTS: Lifetime trauma was associated with higher MCI (OR = 1.78, p < .001) and dementia risk (OR = 1.18, p = .02), and poorer performance in memory and executive function. Gender differences were found. Psychological resilience was more strongly associated with better executive function in men than in women (B = 0.03, p = .04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.07]). It also buffers the impact of lifetime trauma on working memory, and the effect was stronger in men than in women (B = 0.11, p = .04).
DISCUSSION: The impact of stressful life events on cognition may differ by gender, potentially reflecting gender-specific types of stressors and coping mechanisms. Further investigations on the social and individual factors that contribute to psychological resilience and their role in cognitive aging are warranted.
METHODS: Longitudinal data were drawn from a population-based sample of 1,815 participants (Mage = 70.71, SDage = 1.50, 48% women). Stressful life events were indicated by both the number of recent life events in the past 6 months measured by the List of Threatening Events Questionnaire and lifetime traumatic experiences captured by questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cognitive outcomes included neuropsychological assessments of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and domain-specific performance. Psychological resilience was measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Logistic and linear models were conducted, adjusting for common risk factors.
RESULTS: Lifetime trauma was associated with higher MCI (OR = 1.78, p < .001) and dementia risk (OR = 1.18, p = .02), and poorer performance in memory and executive function. Gender differences were found. Psychological resilience was more strongly associated with better executive function in men than in women (B = 0.03, p = .04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.07]). It also buffers the impact of lifetime trauma on working memory, and the effect was stronger in men than in women (B = 0.11, p = .04).
DISCUSSION: The impact of stressful life events on cognition may differ by gender, potentially reflecting gender-specific types of stressors and coping mechanisms. Further investigations on the social and individual factors that contribute to psychological resilience and their role in cognitive aging are warranted.