Ophthalmology · 2025
Evaluation of an Association between COVID-19 and Retinal Hemorrhage in Children.
СтатьяПоддержка NIH: внешняя программаНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Zhao Aaron T, Laub Natalie, He Jocelyn, Yu Yinxi, Spiller Alyssa, Binenbaum Gil
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of retinal hemorrhage with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients and outpatients at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 1 month to 18 years of age who underwent a dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist within 1 month of a COVID-19 test between January 2020 and October 2023.
METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for the results of COVID-19 testing and retinal findings. Primary outcome was the association between COVID-19 and retinal hemorrhage assessed across 4 periods: retinal examination within 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, or 28 days of COVID-19 testing. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine statistical significance and to control for age and multiple COVID-19 tests.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association between COVID-19 and presence of retinal hemorrhage.
RESULTS: Among 6952 children (mean age, 6.1 years) studied, 3496, 4758, 5887, and 6952 children underwent a fundus examination within 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of a COVID-19 test, respectively. No associations were found between COVID-19 and the presence of retinal hemorrhage in any of the periods: 7 days (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-3.32; P = 0.76), 14 days (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.24-2.00; P = 0.63), 21 days (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.29-2.15; P = 0.64), or 28 days (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.23-1.72; P = 0.37). All 4 children with positive COVID-19 testing and retinal hemorrhage had alternative plausible causes with hemorrhage patterns consistent with those other causes.
CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus disease 2019 is not associated with retinal hemorrhage in children. Coronavirus disease 2019 should not be considered as a potential cause of retinal hemorrhage in children, and this unsupported theory should not be accepted clinically or in legal proceedings.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients and outpatients at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 1 month to 18 years of age who underwent a dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist within 1 month of a COVID-19 test between January 2020 and October 2023.
METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for the results of COVID-19 testing and retinal findings. Primary outcome was the association between COVID-19 and retinal hemorrhage assessed across 4 periods: retinal examination within 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, or 28 days of COVID-19 testing. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine statistical significance and to control for age and multiple COVID-19 tests.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association between COVID-19 and presence of retinal hemorrhage.
RESULTS: Among 6952 children (mean age, 6.1 years) studied, 3496, 4758, 5887, and 6952 children underwent a fundus examination within 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of a COVID-19 test, respectively. No associations were found between COVID-19 and the presence of retinal hemorrhage in any of the periods: 7 days (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-3.32; P = 0.76), 14 days (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.24-2.00; P = 0.63), 21 days (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.29-2.15; P = 0.64), or 28 days (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.23-1.72; P = 0.37). All 4 children with positive COVID-19 testing and retinal hemorrhage had alternative plausible causes with hemorrhage patterns consistent with those other causes.
CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus disease 2019 is not associated with retinal hemorrhage in children. Coronavirus disease 2019 should not be considered as a potential cause of retinal hemorrhage in children, and this unsupported theory should not be accepted clinically or in legal proceedings.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.