AIDS dementia.

The most frequently documented neurologic manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients is known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex. Three stages of dementia progression have been identified with impairment noted in cognitive, behavioral and motor function. Specific diagnostic findings include diffuse cortical atrophy on computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Current research hypothesizes that AIDS dementia is the result of direct HIV infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) and autopsy studies have addressed this theory. Nursing's role in the care of the patient with AIDS dementia focuses on neurologic assessment, counseling of patient and family, supportive care and prevention of complications. Recognition of disease progression and the maintenance of the patient's self-worth are essential. Nursing diagnoses with respect to this patient population have been provided.