Ciencia & saude coletiva · 2018
Challenges for public policies aimed at adolescence and youth based on the National Scholar Health Survey (PeNSE).
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Reis Ademar Arthur Chioro Dos, Malta Deborah Carvalho, Furtado Lumena Almeida Castro
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: to examine the problems and challenges facing implementation of policies for Brazilian adolescents, on the basis of narrative review of the findings of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). O objetivo do artigo é analisar os principais problemas e desafios para a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a adolescência brasileira a partir de revisão narrativa dos resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Ensaio teórico sobre políticas públicas produzido a partir de revisão narrativa das três edições da PeNSE. Os artigos identificados foram categorizados em temas prioritários para intervenção de políticas públicas. Tabagismo: estável quanto ao cigarro e aumento de 18% de outros produtos do tabaco. Álcool: consumo regular caiu de 27,3% para 23,2%. Drogas: aumento da experimentação, a supervisão familiar mostrou-se protetora para uso de tabaco, álcool e drogas. Aumento de todos os indicadores de violência. Predomínio de hábitos não saudáveis: apenas 20% dos escolares praticam 1 hora de atividade física ou mais diariamente. Sexualidade: redução do uso preservativos na primeira relação. Serviços de saúde: metade dos escolares usaram nos últimos 12 meses. A exposição de fatores de risco como álcool, sexo inseguro e práticas e condições violentas é elevada na adolescência. Torna-se importante a adoção de políticas públicas e ações intersetoriais, plurais e abertas à singularidade, voltadas para a proteção da saúde de adolescentes e jovens.
METHODS: theoretical policy analysis based on narrative review of the three editions of the PeNSE. The articles identified were categorised by priority issues for public policy intervention.
RESULTS: cigarette smoking held stable, while use of other tobacco products increased by 18%. Regular alcohol use declined from 27.3% (2009) to 23.2% (2015). Drug experimentation increased, while family supervision produced protective effects against tobacco, alcohol and drug use. All indicators of violence increased, including involvement in fights where someone used a firearm or melee weapon. Diet and physical activity displayed predominantly unhealthy habits: (only 20% exercised for an hour or more daily). Sexuality: condom use at first intercourse decreased from 75.9% to 66.2%. Half the students had used a health service in the prior 12 months.
CONCLUSION: exposure to risk factors, including alcohol, unsafe sex and violent behaviour and conditions, is high in adolescence, making it important to adopt public policies and inter-sectoral actions that are plural and open to singularity in order to protect the health of adolescents and youth.
METHODS: theoretical policy analysis based on narrative review of the three editions of the PeNSE. The articles identified were categorised by priority issues for public policy intervention.
RESULTS: cigarette smoking held stable, while use of other tobacco products increased by 18%. Regular alcohol use declined from 27.3% (2009) to 23.2% (2015). Drug experimentation increased, while family supervision produced protective effects against tobacco, alcohol and drug use. All indicators of violence increased, including involvement in fights where someone used a firearm or melee weapon. Diet and physical activity displayed predominantly unhealthy habits: (only 20% exercised for an hour or more daily). Sexuality: condom use at first intercourse decreased from 75.9% to 66.2%. Half the students had used a health service in the prior 12 months.
CONCLUSION: exposure to risk factors, including alcohol, unsafe sex and violent behaviour and conditions, is high in adolescence, making it important to adopt public policies and inter-sectoral actions that are plural and open to singularity in order to protect the health of adolescents and youth.