Archives of oral biology · 2025
Antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Lippia microphylla Cham. essential oil. (Verbenaceae) on Candida albicans and human cell cytotoxicity.
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Barreto Jaqueline Oliveira, da Silva Larissa Alves, Lima Luanna de Oliveira E, Nogueira Paula Lima, Ferreira Rafael Carlos, Alexandre Heivila Monique da Silva, Silva Anauara Lima E, Gonçalves Juan Carlos Ramos, Sobral Marianna Vieira, de Castro Ricardo Dias, Nascimento Yuri Mangueira do, Tavares Josean Fechine, Rocha Walicyranison Plinio da Silva, Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Lippia microphylla essential oil (LM-EO) on Candida albicans.
DESIGN: In vitro assays were conducted to test LM-EO for its anti-Candida effects, antibiofilm activity, effects on the fluorescence intensity of Candida albicans biofilms observed via confocal microscopy, probable mechanism of action, and toxicity on human keratinocytes. Statistical analysis was performed considering α = 5 %.
RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of LM-EO ranged from 128 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL to 1024 µg/mL, respectively. MIC values did not change in the presence of sorbitol, whereas a 4-fold increase was observed in the presence of ergosterol, suggesting that LM-EO may act on the cell membrane. This was subsequently observed via confocal microscopy using propidium iodide markers. LM-EO reduced biofilm adherence by 66-86 % (p < 0.0001) at low concentrations (256-2560 µg/mL); however, it showed toxicity in human cells.
CONCLUSIONS: LM-EO exhibited fungicidal activity likely through a mechanism related to ergosterol complexation but demonstrated cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes.
DESIGN: In vitro assays were conducted to test LM-EO for its anti-Candida effects, antibiofilm activity, effects on the fluorescence intensity of Candida albicans biofilms observed via confocal microscopy, probable mechanism of action, and toxicity on human keratinocytes. Statistical analysis was performed considering α = 5 %.
RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of LM-EO ranged from 128 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL to 1024 µg/mL, respectively. MIC values did not change in the presence of sorbitol, whereas a 4-fold increase was observed in the presence of ergosterol, suggesting that LM-EO may act on the cell membrane. This was subsequently observed via confocal microscopy using propidium iodide markers. LM-EO reduced biofilm adherence by 66-86 % (p < 0.0001) at low concentrations (256-2560 µg/mL); however, it showed toxicity in human cells.
CONCLUSIONS: LM-EO exhibited fungicidal activity likely through a mechanism related to ergosterol complexation but demonstrated cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes.